CentOS 7.5 still ships with bash 4.2.* and is not PS0-capable. I assume that RHEL 7.5 is
similar.
Amazon Linux, despite Amazon the company avoiding GPLv3 internally, has a GPLv3
version of bash. However, their bash tends to be quite old (?) - just not as old as Apple's.
I gather Amazon Linux was originally derived from CentOS, but is now essentially a fork.
You can get it from homebrew though (2016-09-19, perhaps slightly earlier).
After you have homebrew installed (as above), you can go
here for info about
installing and using your new bash.
FreeBSD
FreeBSD is a bit GPL-avoidant - even GPLv2. It does not include
bash out of the box.
However, you can install a modern bash easily with "pkg install
bash". This is true of FreeBSD 11.1, perhaps earlier. It
probably has been true for a while (2017-08-24).
OpenIndiana (Solaris variant)
2018-01-05: 5.11 includes a PS0-capable bash out of the box, and likely has for a while.
Haiku (Opensource BeOS clone)
2018-01-05: A nightly build included a bash with PS0 out of the box.